The question was always the
same, she says. So, too, was the answer.
"They came to us to
pick us," Fati recalls. "They would ask, 'Who wants to be a suicide
bomber?' The girls would shout, 'me, me, me.' They were fighting to do the
suicide bombings."
Young girls fighting to
strap on a bomb, not because they were brainwashed by their captors' violent
indoctrination methods but because the relentless hunger and sexual abuse --
coupled with the constant shelling -- became too much to bear.
They wanted a way out, she
says. They wanted an escape.
Fati, 16, whose name has
been changed to protect her identity, pauses and grabs the three gold bracelets
around her wrist. They're a gift from her mother, her only connection to home
after she became one of hundreds of girls kidnapped by theworld's deadliest terror group, which forced them to marry its
fighters.
Fati was kidnapped in
Nigeria in 2014 and taken to a Boko Haram camp in the Sambisa Forest.
"It was just because
they want to run away from Boko Haram," she said. "If they give them a suicide
bomb, then maybe they would meet soldiers, tell them, 'I have a bomb on me' and
they could remove the bomb. They can run away."
There was no escape for
Fati when fighters from Boko Haram descended on her village in northeast
Nigeria in 2014. Her future "husband" was carrying a gun, and Fati's
parents had already spent a precious 8,000 naira (roughly $40) to smuggle her
two older brothers to safety. There was nothing they could do.
"We said, 'No, we are
too small; we don't want to get married,'" Fati recalls. "So they
married us by force."
After he raped her for the
first time, Fati's abuser gave her a wedding present -- a purple and brown
dress with a matching headscarf that she would wear for the next two years
while under his control, whisked from hideout to hideout in order to evade
Nigerian authorities.
She says she met girls even
younger than her in Boko Haram's stronghold in the Sambisa Forest, kidnapped
from their families to be married off, imprisoned and abused by their
self-proclaimed "husbands."
Fati's gold bracelets, a
gift from her mother, are her only connection to her old life.
"There were so many
kidnapped girls there, I couldn't count," Fati says.
Among them, she says, are
some of the more than 270 schoolgirls from Chibok, Nigeria, whose kidnapping in April 2014 shocked the world.
The social media campaign #BringBackOurGirls gave many people their first glimpse
into Boko Haram's targeted abuse of women and girls. But recently the group has
embraced a sickening new tactic.
Alarming new statistics
released by UNICEF show a dramatic increase in the use of children as bombs in
four countries -- Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon -- where Boko Haram has
waged its campaign of terror in the past two years.
The estimated number of
children used in bombing attacks has skyrocketed from four in 2014 to 44 in
2015. UNICEF says that three quarters of all child bombers are girls.
As the number of children
involved in attacks has risen, a newly formed multinational coalition has been
putting pressure on the ISIS-affiliated group like never before.
Fati's story reveals a
terrorist organization that is demanding more and more from its captives as its
decisions become increasingly fueled by desperation.
The market in Maroua,
Cameroon was bombed in July. "Since that day, when I see a young lady or
girl who I don't know, I am afraid," says one vender.
Sambisa, once thought to be
Boko Haram's impenetrable, even cursed stronghold, is under attack, the target
of relentless aerial bombings and raids by the Nigerian military.
"There were always
bombs and bullets coming from the sky," Fati recalls. She feared the
bombings as much as she feared her captors.
"All of the girls were
so frightened. All of them, they always cried and the men raped us," Fati
said, remembering her time spent in Sambisa. "There is no food, nothing.
The children, you can count their ribs because of the hunger."
Fati says the bombing runs
over the Sambisa killed many of the captives, including some of the Chibok girls. But the raids over the past year have also freed
hundreds of women and girls, including Fati, who was picked up by the
Cameroonian army after her captors defected and tried to flee across the
border.
Fati is now in the relative
safety of the Minawao refugee camp in Cameroon. When Boko Haram started raiding
the border towns, Nigerians ran here, desperate for food and safety.
The camp formed around
them, white tents dotting the dusty ground in this growing city of sorts,
already double the size of what it was designed to be.
What they've found is a
society turned upside down -- a place where girls are viewed with suspicion,
rather than embraced.
"We can have all the
guns in the world," said Cameroonian Army Col. Mathieu Noubosse.
"They are using girls as young as 8."
The colonel's outpost sits
on a rocky embankment overlooking Nigeria. The road below extends toward
Maiduguri, Borno State's capital and the birthplace of Boko Haram.
Gwoza, once a stronghold of
the group and where Fati spent several weeks, is visible from the sights of the
soldiers' machine guns. The worry now, as the coalition continues to notch up
military victories, is that Boko Haram will continue to pivot towards the use
of young girls as their weapon of choice.
Noubossa says girls make
for ideal suicide bombers. The devices can be hidden away under their long
veils or in baskets on top of their heads. He says the devices are often
remotely detonated. The most vulnerable people in this society are now becoming
the most feared.
"These are victims,"
says UNICEF's Cameroon Country Director Felicity Tchibinda. "But they are
being viewed in suspicious ways, and we need to change that narrative. There
are long-term consequences if we don't. We'll lose the trust between
communities and victims and the authorities that are supposed to protect
them."
In Minawao, changing the
narrative involves campwide advocacy programs and protection for girls such as
Fati.
Vigilantes at a checkpoint
outside Baigai, Cameroon say Boko Haram's tactics have changed the way they
perceive strangers.
Here, the label of Boko Haram
wife can carry serious consequences.
"It's a double
tragedy," says UNICEF protection officer Loveline Ndam. She says girls are
rescued from terror only to be ostracized by their communities.
Spread out at the foot of
scrub-covered mountains, the camp is just beyond the red zone of frequent Boko
Haram attacks, but on the other side of the hills, small pockets of fighters
operate.
"A year ago, the
humanitarian situation was clearly worse in Nigeria. Today, it's the same
(across the border), same level of crisis," says one senior Western
diplomat.
Security officials say that
Boko Haram has infiltrated the camp, but what refugees fear the most is escaped
abductees such as Fati.
"If we see a strange
girl, she may be a suicide bomber," says Mohammed Amodu, a refugee leader.
"Perhaps their mind is with Boko Haram."
It's a sentiment that
permeates the area where Boko Haram operates.
Fasumata left everything
behind to flee Boko Haram. She feels lucky.
Fasumata, a recently
arrived refugee, says when the fighting came to her village, she hid for days
under mattresses with her children, unable to move until there was a lull in
the fighting. When the shooting stopped, she picked up her children and ran.
"Everyone was scared,
no shoes, no nothing," she recalls. "Everyone was running for their
lives."
Still, she considers
herself lucky. She made it to Minawao without getting caught by Boko Haram. She
had heard the stories even when her village was still safe from the conflict.
"If they see someone
who escaped from Boko Haram, they think they are still with Boko Haram,"
Fasumata says, "that Boko Haram freed them to do suicide bombs. Not just
in the camp, anywhere in Nigeria. People are afraid because everywhere, if you
hear 'suicide bomb,' it is a young girl."
"It is terrible what
Boko Haram is doing," Fati says.
Fati, meanwhile, is simply
grateful to be alive. On the last day of March, she managed to get in touch
with her mother by phone after she found a refugee from her same village in
camp.
It took two days for her
mother to get to Minawao.
"She had to collect money
from people in the village so she could afford to make it here," says
Fati. "Now that I have escaped, I thank God, and I am always praying to
God that I was able to escape."
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